At Odds Over Critical Habitat for Caribou

Should a critical habitat designation include the species’ known habitat when it was more abundant, or just the area it was known to use when it was listed as an endangered species?

That’s the question the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is facing as it decides on a critical habitat designation for South Selkirk woodland caribou herd, says an article in the Spokane Spokesman-Review. The USFWS would like to protect 600 square miles of potential caribou habitat in north Idaho and eastern Washington, but Idaho’s two senators say, no, just the area where the caribou were last seen in the US should be protected.

The USFWS critical habitat designation for the caribou has been controversial, says the Spokesman-Review article. The agency received more than 300 comments on it.

Read more in the Spokane Spokesman-Review, here.

Photo: A woodland caribou, but not from the South Selkirk herd. rangifer caribou, by Erwin & Peggy Bauer, 7/93. 11444, 102.3.16

Study of California Gray Squirrels

At first they were, like gray squirrels almost everywhere in the US, abundant to the point of being a nuisance, especially to people with bird feeders. Then they were gone, or almost so. When mange struck the gray squirrels of the San Bernardino Mountains in California, people noticed, particularly in the past year.

While the cause is known, a new study by the University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, California Fish and Game Wildlife Investigations Lab and California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab will delve into when and how of the population crash.

The study will rely heavily on reports from citizens in the area.

Read this newspaper article on the study in the Crestline Courier-News.
Or visit the study’s website, here.

Photo: A healthy gray squirrel, courtesy of the California Department of Fish and Game

Non-native Turtle Numbers Up Again in AZ

Turtles from Phoenix Zoo pondThe Phoenix Zoo has been trying to get rid of the non-native turtles in the pond in the park near its entrance since 1999. The number of turtle species not native to Arizona found in the pond had declined over the last 13 years, but this year there was an increase. 142 non-native turtles were trapped, including 139 pond sliders, one spiny softshell, one painted turtle, and one eastern redbelly turtle.

Biologists believe that the turtles are released pets, saying that the turtles show signs of captivity.

The non-native female turtles that are trapped are brought to a turtle sanctuary for adoption, while the males are released back into the pond.

Read a brief story at CBS5 TV, here.
Read a more detailed release from the Arizona Fish and Game Department, here. (Second story from the bottom.)

Photo courtesy Arizona Fish and Game Department

Dam Resources

American River Chinook Salmon. CA DFG photo by Matt Elyash

Building fish passages is an arcane art, enlightened on occasion by scientific research. So many fish passages out there just don’t work, wasting time and money, and dooming fish populations.

If you need to direct a fish passage project, make sure you are up on the latest research. Check out the database of fish passage research from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Find the database here.
Read the press release, from the California Department of Fish and Game, here.

New York State Stops Using Photodegradeable Netting

Dead garter snake in photodegradeable nettingWhether its road construction, utility work, or chemical remediation, many states call for the use of some sort of landscape fabric or biodegradeable netting to prevent erosion at construction sites until plants take root.

New York State has learned that plastic netting advertised as photodegradeable was used at sites in the state, and has killed and injured wildlife at those sites. The netting is an entanglement risk for wildlife for years, a story put out by the State Bureau of Habitat says.

Read the story, here. The link will bring you to a PDF. The netting story is the second story on page 2.

Photo courtesy of NYS DEC

Overpasses Top Underpasses?

Do bighorn sheep like highway wildlife overpasses better than underpasses? Arizona sports three wildlife overpasses over Highway 93 which were specifically designed for bighorn sheep. It also has three wildlife underpasses under Highway 68.

The Arizona Game and Fish Department recently reported that there were 229 bighorn sheep crossings at the three overpasses in a single month. There have been only 32 crossings at the underpasses in two years.

The Highway 93 overpasses also have a higher cuteness quotient than the underpasses. A bighorn ewe and her lamb were recently photographed crossing one of the overpasses.

Read the report from the Arizona Game and Fish Department, here. (Second item from the top.)

Photo courtesy Arizona Game and Fish Deparment.

Fungus, But No WNS Symptoms in Iowa Cave

On Wednesday, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources announced that a low level of the fungus that causes white nose syndrome was found on one of the 15 bats swabbed this winter at a tourist cave run by the state. None of the bats seen in the cave appeared to have symptoms of white nose syndrome.

According to the Iowa DNR release, to prevent the fungus from spreading to other caves, “the DNR will be adding mats with disinfection solution that people will walk across after leaving the caves….”

Read the Iowa DNR press release here.
Read an article in the Kansas City InfoZone, here.

The InfoZone story includes a criticism of Iowa DNR by the Center for BioDiversity for keeping the cave open to the public after the fungus was discovered.

You can also read the Center for BioDiversity press release, here.

Photo: Maquoketa Caves State Park, courtesy of Iowa DNR

Oil, Politics and Lizards

The US Fish and Wildlife Service announced yesterday that the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus) would not be listed under the Endangered Species Act because voluntary conservation methods undertaken by private landowners in Texas and New Mexico have worked so well.

The most interesting thing about the dunes sagebrush lizard is that its habitat happens to be among the richest oil-producing regions in the lower-48 states. A listing would curtail drilling for oil and gas in the region, so it’s no surprise that the oil industry has fought against a federal listing for the lizard for decades.

Is the decision a victory for the oil industry? For conservation agreements? For the lizard?

That certainly depends on your point of view. You can see two different points of view on display in these articles. The Reuters report buries the information that environmental groups are unhappy with the ruling, and gives only a tepid quote from one of the organizations that disagrees. Read the Reuters piece here.

The Fort Worth Star-Telegram puts environmentalists’ displeasure at the top of the story and includes a more forceful quote from the same source. Read the Star-Telegram report here.

A KXAN TV story provides some helpful details.

Photo courtesy of US Fish and Wildlife

“Wild” Animal Health

A cardiologist visited the zoo and wondered if the animals got the same diseases that her human patients do. She did some research and found out that they do get many of the same diseases — including obesity and diabetes.

The cardiologist wrote a book about her findings, and that book was excerpted in the New York Times on Sunday.

The reason you should know about this article and this book is because throughout, the cardiologist refers to the zoo animals as wild animals. You should also know about it because she tries to relate animals fattening up before hibernation or migration and the occasional natural abundance of some preferred foods to human eating patterns.

I’m not sure if these analogies will be helpful for human health, but they are certainly not adding anything to the understanding of wildlife conservation and management.

Read the complete opinion piece here.

 

Checking for White Nose in Florida

The U.S. Forest Service, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the University of Florida have teamed up to conduct a five-day “Bat Blitz” in Apalachicola National Forest in northern Florida to test for white nose syndrome and the general health of the area’s bat population.

Read all the details on the USDA Blog.

Photo credit: U.S. Forest Service photo by Porter Libby.